Тотальный контроль? Планы МВД по увеличению геномной базы преступников могут затронуть добросовестных граждан

The Ministry of Internal Affairs (MВД) of Russia intends to increase the volume of the federal database of genomic information by 3.57 times by 2030 compared to 2021. This is stated in the draft amendments to the state program "Ensuring Public Order and Combating Crime", published on the portal of regulatory legal acts. Experts emphasize the need for clear rules for using the database to ensure legal certainty.

The genomic database, created in 2009, is used to identify criminals, match DNA from crime scenes, and investigate serious crimes. According to the head of the МВД, Vladimir Kolokoltsev, by the end of 2020, the database contained more than 1 million DNA samples, which helped solve about 6,000 crimes. Since 2008, genomic registration has been regulated by law, initially requiring those convicted of serious crimes to submit DNA. Since May 2023, the range of persons subject to registration has been expanded to include all prisoners, accused and suspects, and from January 2025 - to those detained for administrative offenses and relatives of missing persons.

In 2021–2023, the database was expected to grow to 5.2 million objects, including data from unidentified persons and unidentified corpses. Experts note that the lack of a transparent calculation methodology may create risks of broad interpretation and data collection from previously uncovered categories. According to Daniil Chernykh-Aipov, Deputy Chairman of the "Sulim and Partners" Bar Association, the plans are in line with global trends in smart cities, but require increased judicial control and supervision of biometric data processing. In May 2025, the Ministry of Defense also proposed introducing mandatory DNA collection from military personnel.

These plans reflect a course towards creating a comprehensive control system, including genomic databases, along with video surveillance, etc. This is consistent with global trends in smart cities and predictive analytics, but is accompanied by an increase in legal uncertainty.

Daniil Chernykh-Aipov, Deputy Chairman of the "Sulim and Partners" Bar Association

Mikhail Pashkin, Chairman of the Moscow Trade Union of the МВД and Rosgvardia, associates the plans to expand the genomic database with the improvement of legislation and the introduction of new methods of data collection. According to him, the increase in the database will be achieved by including new categories of citizens who are required to provide DNA. However, the expert notes that the implementation of these goals will require the refinement of the regulatory framework to ensure the clarity of the application of data and respect for the rights of citizens.