Specialists from the United Engine Corporation (UEC) have revealed key aspects of the design of turbofan engines, which form the basis of modern aircraft power plants. As explained by the corporation, the most important parameter of such engines is the bypass ratio — the ratio of airflows passing through the external and internal circuits.
In a turbofan system, air captured by a powerful fan is divided into two directions. The main flow passes through the internal circuit, where it is compressed, mixed with fuel, ignited, and creates jet thrust through the nozzle. Simultaneously, part of the air is directed into the external circuit, enclosed in an annular cowling, increasing thrust due to energy from the same fan. For mainline aircraft, such as the MC-21 or Superjet, the external circuit thrust share reaches 80%, which significantly reduces fuel consumption and noise.
As noted by UEC, the choice of bypass ratio depends on the type of aircraft. Supersonic models use values of 0.5–2, while for passenger airliners with a cruising speed of 800–1000 km/h, optimal values range from 2 to 6. The fan and compressor stages are driven by a turbine, converting combustion energy into mechanical work.
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