Scientists at Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky have developed a method that allows colossal electric currents to be passed through nanoscale elements without destroying them. The discovery may accelerate the development of more powerful and stable nanoelectronics, TASS was told in the press service of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
Modern nanodevices and terahertz electronics face not so much quantum limitations as the problem of overheating. At high current densities, elements quickly collapse. SSU physicists calculated a "safe mode" of operation, showing at what sizes of nanostructures, materials, and heat sink conditions it is possible to pass extremely large currents without bringing the metal to melting.
According to their calculations, cathodes melt quickly at normal current densities. However, with optimal selection of sizes and effective cooling, the temperature of the structure does not exceed about 2,000 K - almost like on the surface of a star - and stability is maintained.
The research results are important for terahertz electronics, vacuum and field electron sources, as well as nanoelectronic components, where traditional thermocathodes are no longer effective. Physicists note that field and autocathodes can be significantly more powerful and durable than existing analogues with proper management of the thermal balance.
The key factor is smooth surfaces, small electrode sizes - less than a micrometer - and rapid heat removal. The use of superconducting electrodes and cooling to the temperature of liquid helium completely eliminate the problem of overheating.
