сотрудники Института прикладной физики РАН представили численную модель, объясняющую, как в грозовых облаках формируется молния. Согласно исследованию, опубликованному в журнале Atmospheric Research, ключевую роль играет слияние множества плазменных каналов в единую сеть, создающую условия для появления «зародыша» молнии даже в слабых электрических полях.
Lightning strikes often lead to injuries and deaths, fires, emergency power outages, and sometimes major man-made disasters. The economic damage from lightning strikes continues to grow due to the widespread use of low-current microelectronics and the trend towards digitalization of human activities. The results of our work, which improve the understanding of the process of initiation of lightning discharges, may in the future be useful for improving existing lightning protection equipment.
Lightning has long remained one of the main mysteries of atmospheric electricity. It is known that short-lived cold discharges, streamers, occur in clouds, but it has not yet been clear how they turn into a powerful plasma channel. Scientists simulated the process at altitudes of 6 and 9 km, finding that lightning originates from the merging of many streamers. When the combined cluster reaches tens of meters, it becomes a self-sustaining structure capable of developing into a full-fledged discharge. The discovery may lead to improved lightning protection for power systems and infrastructure, reducing the risk of accidents.
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