The rotors of modern gas turbine engine compressors rotate at speeds of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. The United Engine Corporation (UEC) explained how the axial compressor of a power plant is designed.
The task of the compressor is to compress air with high efficiency and supply it to the combustion chamber to continue the gas turbine engine cycle. In modern engines, the compressor is divided into two or three mechanically independent parts called stages, and the compressor in this case is called a two- or three-stage compressor.
The stages follow each other - fan, low pressure compressor, high pressure compressor. The stages are driven by their own turbine to reduce the possibility of mismatching the rotational speeds of the cascade stages.
Thus, the high-pressure compressor is rotated by the high-pressure turbine shaft, which passes inside the low-pressure turbine shaft - it rotates the low-pressure compressor and the fan.
Each compressor stage is a sequence of steps. Each stage is a combination of two compressor rims: an impeller with working blades mounted on a rotating rotor, and a guide vane - stationary guide blades fixed in the compressor housing.
The impellers operate on the same principle as a fan - they draw in air and feed it to the guide vanes of their stage. The complex special profiles of the blades and the expanding shape of the inter-blade channels of the impeller and the guide vane slow down the air flow, which leads to an increase in its pressure.
In addition, the guide vane blades provide the optimum flow angle before entering the next impeller.
The number and size of the compressor stages are determined by the air flow and the pressure level that needs to be provided. After the last stage of the axial compressor, air under pressure up to 50 atmospheres enters the combustion chamber.
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