September 2025 is breaking records for geomagnetic activity: in the first ten days of the month, three magnetic storms have already been recorded, which is ten times more frequent than in August, when only one was observed for the month. The peak of disturbances is expected from September 14 to 16, experts warn.
The reason for the activity is a large coronal hole on the Sun, forming a stream of fast solar wind. The Earth will enter the disturbance zone on the night of Saturday to Sunday, and the speed of the solar wind by September 14–15 will increase from 400 km/s to 500–600 km/s, reaching a peak of 700 km/s on September 16. Observations show that the planet is located above the solar equator, which affects the nature of the interaction of the wind with the magnetosphere.
Geomagnetic indices characteristic of such holes usually reach Kp 4–7, which corresponds to storms of levels 1–3. According to last year's observations, large coronal holes sometimes keep the magnetosphere in the "yellow zone", and medium ones can cause G2–G3 storms. Stronger storms of levels 4–5 are not formed by coronal holes. The exact strength of the impact will become clear only a day after the start of the flow.
September has already shown an unusually stormy reaction of the magnetosphere even to weak impulses, such as on September 10. Experts note that increased activity makes unfavorable scenarios more likely. In the next 1–2 days, the forecast may be clarified as new data become available and models are adjusted.
Magnetic storms affect the operation of satellites, navigation systems, power lines and communications. People with cardiovascular diseases and those sensitive to geomagnetic fluctuations should be careful during this period.
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