In Novosibirsk, scientists have developed catalysts with a low content of precious metals. These compounds are designed to accelerate chemical reactions and neutralize emissions from diesel car engines.
Annually in Russia, cars, including diesel vehicles, release about 5 million tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere. To neutralize these emissions, systems based on ceramic blocks coated with aluminum oxide with nanoparticles of platinum and palladium are used. However, the content of precious metals in such systems usually starts from 30 grams per cubic foot, which is equivalent to approximately 1 gram per liter of catalyst. This is a fairly high figure, and therefore the industry is interested in reducing it.
It was possible to achieve high activity and stability of catalysts at a reduced concentration of precious metals. Scientists were able to reduce the content of platinum and palladium in the catalyst to 0.17 and 0.17–0.35 grams per liter, respectively, with a 5-percent content of manganese oxide in the alumina coating.
Diesel exhaust contains hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, soot, and sulfur dioxide. After neutralization, water, CO2, and nitrogen remain. Scientists increased the activity of platinum in the catalyst by adding manganese oxide. This made it possible to reduce the platinum content by 1.5 times and even more when replacing it with palladium. The platinum-palladium catalyst at 180°C oxidizes 50% of hydrocarbons and 90% of carbon monoxide, working earlier than industrial analogues (250°C).
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