The number of researchers with academic degrees in Russian scientific organizations has decreased by 20% since 2015, amounting to 89,586 people in 2024. This is evidenced by Rosstat data analyzed by Vedomosti. Among the reasons are difficulties in completing research, low scholarships, and the outflow of young people to more profitable areas.
Since 2015, the number of Doctors of Science has decreased by 23% to 21,705 people, and Candidates of Science by 19% to 67,881 people. The decline is observed in all federal districts of Russia. The main barriers include stricter requirements for scientific publications, limited access to foreign journals, and a shortage of dissertation councils. The reform of postgraduate studies in 2021–2022 changed educational programs, giving universities more autonomy, but the effectiveness of these measures has yet to be assessed.
The decrease in the number of scientists is associated with financial difficulties, including paid doctoral studies and low salaries. The average salary of a researcher in 2025 is 58,000 rubles, which may not cover inflation. Young people often choose more profitable professions, which exacerbates the outflow of personnel from science.
To obtain a Candidate of Science degree, a master's or specialist diploma, passing exams, and defending a dissertation in a dissertation council are required. A doctoral degree is available to Candidates of Science with major research. The Higher Attestation Commission (VAK) issues diplomas based on the decisions of the councils. According to RANEPA, many scientists work in universities, combining research and teaching. In 2019, there were about 39,600 doctors and 146,000 candidates of science in state universities.
According to Dream Job service, the average salary of a researcher in Russia for 2025 is 58,000 rubles. The minimum salary is 30,000 rubles, the maximum is 193,000 rubles.
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