Scientists from Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) have developed an innovative carrier material for activated sludge bacteria, used in treatment facilities. Unlike traditional solutions, the new carrier is created from oil refining waste and plastic packaging, which makes the technology economically viable and environmentally sustainable.
Activated sludge is a key component of biological wastewater treatment, containing microorganisms capable of decomposing organic pollutants. However, to increase the efficiency of bacteria, a carrier material is required that retains them in the system and prevents washout. Existing analogues, such as polymer granules or synthetic fibers, often require complex production and significant energy consumption.
The development of Perm scientists solves this problem by using recycled materials. Oil sludge, excess activated sludge, and plastic waste are used as a base. The mixture is heated at a relatively low temperature (110–125°C), which reduces energy consumption, and the resulting material has high porosity, ensuring reliable fixation of bacteria.
We took oil refining and plastic waste in a ratio of 1:1 to 3:1. Heated at a temperature of 110–125°C, which saved energy. Then cooled the mixture and sieved it. The resulting samples had a porous structure that held activated sludge bacteria well. The proposed solution allows you to dispose of waste without harming the environment, get a useful product – a biomass carrier – and increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
The technology has already been patented and can be implemented at industrial enterprises where wastewater treatment with a high content of oil products and ammonium nitrogen is required. The research was carried out as part of the implementation of the Priority 2030 program.
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