Композиты снижают массу самолётов на 15%: в МАИ показали будущее авиастроения

In modern aircraft, the proportion of composites already reaches 40–50%, and in the future, they will reduce the weight of the airframe by at least 10–15%. Experts from Aerocomposit and MAI discussed this at Aerospace Science Week.

Now, composite materials are not just "lightweight parts," but the foundation on which new generation mainline aircraft are created, noted Anatoly Gaidansky, head of JSC Aerocomposit.

According to him, the use of composites allows designing more efficient wing and fuselage shapes, reducing weight, and simplifying assembly.

Gaidansky clarified that in the future, such materials will be more widely used in load-bearing parts, leading edges of the wing, ribs, and fasteners.

Accuracy Within Degrees — A Critical Parameter

In civil programs, requirements for the quality of composite elements are increasing. The temperature regime directly affects the strength and durability of the part — fluctuations even within ±2°C can change the properties of the material.

Gaidansky reminded that Russian specialists and scientists from MAI have already developed PCM and the technology for their application, which are comparable in characteristics to foreign samples.

When the Structure "Tells About Itself"

The topic was continued by the director of the Center for Composite Structures of MAI, Yegor Nazarov. He noted that the institute's researchers use methods that are rarely used in the aviation industry — scanning microscopy and tomography, which allow studying the microstructure of the composite.

This approach is becoming key for the development of repair methods and resource assessment, which is relevant for the entire global aviation industry.

Composites — The Basis of Future Aircraft

Composite technologies are not only about reducing corrosion and fatigue stresses, but also about the ability to give the product almost any shape. That is why they are becoming a driver of civil aircraft construction, including the MC-21 aircraft program, in the design of which composites occupy a significant share.

A lighter airframe means fuel savings, increased range, and freedom for new aerodynamic solutions.

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