Magnetic storms are powerful disturbances of the Earth's magnetic field that can last from several hours to several days. These storms depend on space weather — changes caused by solar flares. They can have a significant impact on satellite and other technologies on Earth, as well as on human health and life.
The Sun has zones with low temperature, which are called "spots." They form areas of special magnetic activity that emit clouds with magnetic particles.
This substance quickly reaches our planet and affects its magnetic field, which can cause malfunctions in electrical devices.
Solar flares, depending on the power of X-ray radiation, are divided into five classes: A, B, C, M and X. The minimum class A0.0 corresponds to a radiation power in Earth orbit of 10 nW per 1 m².
When moving to the next letter, the power increases by 10 times. Flares are usually accompanied by emissions of solar plasma, clouds which, reaching Earth, can provoke magnetic storms.
How magnetic storms affect technology
Magnetic storms can form an electric current in objects containing metal, can easily provoke strong voltage surges, explosions and fires.
Also, a geomagnetic storm affects GPS, radio communications and other navigation systems, as it interferes with the propagation of signals in the ionosphere.
How magnetic storms affect humans
There is no definitive answer to the question of the impact of magnetic storms on human well-being and health. Some studies show that during geomagnetic events, three-quarters of the world's population experience poor health, and mortality from strokes and heart attacks also increases slightly.
The most vulnerable are weather-sensitive people and those suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system; on these days, they are better off staying at home in a calm environment. However, even healthy people without chronic diseases may experience headaches, fatigue, and bad mood during magnetic storms.
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The most powerful flare close to class X — M9.4 was recorded on the Sun
A strong class M6.4 flare was recorded on the Sun
