Russian physicists have proposed supplementing the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope, the largest in the Northern Hemisphere, with a ground-based installation for detecting cosmic particles. The Baikal-top station should be located on the shore of Lake Baikal and operate synchronously with detectors installed in the water column.
The idea will allow registering the same cosmic shower in two ways simultaneously. Ground-based detectors will record particles that reach the Earth's surface, while the deep-water system will record high-energy muons originating from the same event.
An installation with an area of 100 square meters or more, according to preliminary results of our calculations, would allow the Baikal-GVD project to register about a hundred joint events per year — detecting particles from a wide atmospheric shower on the shore, and high-energy muons from the same shower in the Baikal neutrino telescope in the water column.
Scientists from Novosibirsk State University, together with specialists from the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, have already developed a technical solution and modeled the future station.
Baikal-GVD is located at the bottom of Lake Baikal and is designed to search for ultra-high-energy neutrinos. Adding a ground-based complex will allow correlating data from the surface and from the depths of the lake, which will provide physicists with additional information about the origin and properties of cosmic particles.
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