Specialists from MAI have proposed a comprehensive approach to protecting astronauts' bodies from bone destruction and muscle atrophy during interplanetary flights. Scientists analyzed global data, including experiments on the ISS and ground-based microgravity models, and developed prevention methods based on their effectiveness.
The main solution, according to the scientists, is artificial gravity — rotating the ship or using a compact centrifuge. This method most closely simulates the conditions characteristic of Earth and is expected to provide the most effective results.
In zero gravity, the skeleton and muscles do not receive their usual load. The body reacts to this as a signal that high bone density is unnecessary and begins to leach calcium — a process resembling osteoporosis. The hips, spine, and legs are the most vulnerable. An astronaut loses up to 1–2% of bone mass per month. With a flight to Mars lasting 6–9 months, the total loss can exceed 10%, which significantly increases the risk of fractures after returning.
The system being developed works on a simple principle: the user enters mission parameters — flight duration, gravity level on the target planet, weight and size restrictions, and the health status of the crew. The output is a ranked list of preventive measures.
The new methodology will help engineers and doctors rationally allocate resources when preparing expeditions to Mars and other planets, focusing on solutions with proven effectiveness.
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