In Russia, more than 300 gas turbine power plants are in operation, each emitting over 1.3 million tons of CO₂ into the atmosphere annually. Scientists from Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) have presented an innovative technology capable of reducing these emissions by 45% while simultaneously producing dimethyl ether — a sought-after chemical product.
There are several ways to help reduce the carbon footprint: work with the quality of incoming raw materials <...>; develop low-emission combustion chambers <...>; and work on technologies for capturing from flue gases and the practical application of CO2, in which our research has proven useful.
The development is being implemented as part of the Priority-2030 program and is based on carbon dioxide conversion of methane. First, CO₂ is captured from the flue gases of the stations using amine absorbents, then it is converted into synthesis gas (H₂ + CO), on the basis of which methanol and then dimethyl ether are created.
This is the simplest type of ether, possessing unique properties that make it a valuable resource in various fields. In Russia, it is widely used as a refrigerant in refrigeration units, air conditioners, and other systems, where it effectively absorbs heat and releases it into the external environment. In addition, this product is used as a starting material for the production of other chemical substances that are necessary for the manufacture of plastics and medicines.
According to calculations, the technology can reduce emissions at one station by 588 thousand tons and provide up to 1.2 million tons of products per year. It is based on existing industrial experience adapted to the environmental goals of the energy industry. The main difficulty is obtaining synthesis gas, which requires high temperatures and additional energy costs:
The last steps of the technology have long been mastered in industry, while obtaining synthesis gas from waste CO2 is still a challenge. This can be achieved by two methods: using methane or hydrogen. However, the process requires heating the mixture to high temperatures (approximately 700 degrees), which requires a large amount of fuel. This in turn leads to new carbon dioxide emissions, which must be taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of the approach
The development is particularly relevant for industrial enterprises using GTES. It not only reduces the environmental burden but can also create additional income from the sale of DME.
Earlier www1.ru reported that Russian researchers have created an improved reactor for producing synthesis gas.
Read also materials on the topic: