Specialists from Perm National Research Polytechnic University have developed a new design for a jet engine nozzle that reduces noise levels by 2-3 decibels. The new technology aims to improve passenger and crew comfort, as well as reduce vibrations that accelerate aircraft material wear.
Researchers explain that noise in jet engines is generated by turbulent gas jets, which create chaotic vortices when mixed with cold air, especially noticeable during takeoff.
Two types of nozzles were used to analyze the sound characteristics – conical and corrugated. Scientists placed 54 highly sensitive microphones inside the prototypes and simulated exhaust conditions, which allowed them to record and compare the sounds coming from different designs.
The most effective were corrugated nozzles with smooth corrugation of the petals, which were able to shift the sources of high-frequency noise closer to the nozzle, and low-frequency noise further away. This approach made it possible to reduce the overall engine noise level by 2-3 dB without increasing high frequencies, which can significantly reduce the load on passengers' hearing, slow down the wear of aircraft components, and reduce noise pollution in airport areas.
Experimental data confirmed that the proposed design significantly improves the acoustic characteristics of the nozzle without compromising engine performance. The results of the experiments give hope for the possibility of introducing this technology into new generations of aircraft engines, which will lead to the creation of more environmentally friendly engines with improved acoustic characteristics.
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