Scientists from Saint Petersburg State University have developed a special polymer film that can reduce the risk of ignition and explosion of lithium-ion batteries. This refers to batteries in smartphones, laptops, and other electronics.
The new protective layer is designed to activate at the moment of an internal short circuit. The film slows down the release of heat and gases inside the battery, helping to prevent severe overheating.
To test the technology, researchers intentionally damaged batteries – puncturing cells with a steel nail and comparing the results with ordinary batteries.
During tests, an unprotected battery ignited within 15 seconds after damage. The temperature inside the cell rose to 350 ℃.
After adding the new protective film, the battery did not ignite immediately but gradually discharged over approximately 15 minutes. The maximum heating did not exceed 75 ℃.
The main feature of the development is that it does not require additional sensors or control electronics. The protective layer itself reacts to changes inside the battery.