Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University are working on innovative fertilizers that can deliver nutrients directly into plant tissues.
The development is based on the natural minerals halloysite and kaolinite, transformed into hollow nanotubes. These structures, resembling microscopic needles, are filled with manganese, copper, and molybdenum, and then fixed on leaves and stems, ensuring a slow release of elements.
The aim of the project is to solve the problems of traditional fertilizers, such as rapid leaching from the soil and low bioavailability. The selected trace elements not only stimulate growth but also increase the resistance of crops to diseases and extreme weather conditions.
Scientists are modifying layered minerals, turning them into nanotubes with a diameter of several tens of nanometers. This structure allows the fertilizer to be securely fixed on the surface of plants even in heavy rainfall. The gradual dissolution of the shell ensures the supply of nutrients for several weeks, which reduces the need for frequent field treatments.
The microelements manganese and copper activate enzymes responsible for photosynthesis, and molybdenum improves nitrogen absorption. Testing has shown that the technology is particularly effective for crops with a developed leaf surface — tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, and pumpkins.
The innovation can reduce farmers' costs by 20–30% by reducing the volume of fertilizers and labor costs. For private farms, an important advantage will be the spraying method, which eliminates the risk of overdose. The ecological aspect is also significant: the controlled release of microelements minimizes groundwater pollution. TPU's development can increase yields by 15–25% even in arid regions.
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