Russian physicists have discovered that the shells of single-celled diatom algae contain unique nanostructures that help absorb light more efficiently. The discovery, made by scientists from Skoltech, could significantly increase the efficiency of solar panels and optical devices.
The study showed that the shells of algae of the species Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis create an effect known as the Talbot effect. It allows light to be focused at specific points inside the shell, which likely contributes to more efficient photosynthesis. According to Associate Professor Sergei Dyakov, scientists are not sure how this structure arose, but it appears to be used by algae to improve photosynthetic processes.
Currently, scientists around the world are studying natural materials and mechanisms used by plants and animals. For example, mantis shrimps can strike with the force of a bullet, and grasshoppers can jump hundreds of times their length.
A team from Skoltech, Moscow State University, and other research institutions studied the structure of diatom algae shells, which play an important role in ocean ecosystems, producing almost half of all organic matter and a quarter of the oxygen on Earth. Their rigid silica walls are permeated with many holes, creating a complex pattern.
Researchers have found that these holes cause light diffraction, creating a self-repeating pattern of light and dark spots. This leads to the concentration of light in areas where chloroplasts are located, which, in turn, can increase the efficiency of photosynthesis. Scientists suggest that similar principles can be used to control light in optical devices and solar panels, making them more efficient and reliable.
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